Android users can now boast of another capability on their smartphones and tablets: fighting AIDS and discovering new stars.
That’s because, for the first time, owners of Android-based smartphones and tablets can now “donate” the surplus computing power of their devices to science. With the additional processing power from smartphones, researchers from IBM’s World Community Grid and the Einstein@Home project will accelerate their search for medical cures and for unknown pulsars.
Using what is called volunteer computing, these scientists already tap into a pool of donated computer processing power to conduct their simulations and data analysis. Volunteer computing enables people and organisations to contribute toward scientific progress with little effort, and provides researchers with what are essentially very powerful, globally distributed supercomputers.
Until now, volunteer computing has used traditional computers such as desktops and laptops. However, mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets have become more powerful, energy efficient, and numerous.
There are now about 900-million Android devices, and their total computing power exceeds that of the largest conventional supercomputers.
To allow these devices to participate, volunteer computing software developed at the University of California, Berkeley – called Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) – has been updated. Owners of devices that use Android 2.3.3 or higher can now participate in citizen science efforts by downloading BOOINC from the Google Play site, then choosing the projects to which they want to contribute.
To preserve battery life, minimise recharge time, and avoid the use of allotted data on cell phone plans, smartphones and tablets running BOINC will only perform calculations when they are being charged, when the battery life is above 90%, and when they are connected to wireless local area networks (WiFi).
While these are the default settings when BOINC for Android is downloaded, the rules governing its use can be further customised by users.
One of the first projects to be enabled for Android-based volunteer computing is the Einstein@Home search for unknown radio pulsars led by the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics in Hannover, Germany.
Android users will power an application that analyses data from the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico, the world’s largest radio telescope. The application searches for radio pulsars by detecting their pulsed electromagnetic wave emission.
Pulsars are very compact stellar remnants with extreme physical properties compared to normal matter. Some of them tightly orbit companion stars, providing unique test beds for Einstein’s general theory of relativity.
However, the sensitivity to discover new pulsars is limited by the computing power available. More computing power will accelerate the Einstein@Home search and will make it more sensitive. This work helps scientists understand how stars and the universe evolve, and enables volunteers to discover new radio pulsars with their Android devices.
Another project enabled for Android smartphones and tablets is Fight AIDS@Home, a search for more effective AIDS treatment hosted on IBM’s World Community Grid.
The Olson Laboratory at The Scripps Research Institute is using computational methods to identify new candidate drugs that have the right shape and chemical characteristics to block HIV protease, HIV integrase, or HIV reverse transcriptase, the three enzymes that the deadly AIDS virus needs to function and spread.
IBM’s World Community Grid plans on Android-enabling other projects in the future. World Community Grid has been used to facilitate research into clean energy, clean water and healthy foodstuffs, as well as cures for cancer, malaria and other diseases.