The pharmaceutical sector faces a multitude of challenges when taking into account the management of their facilities, says Neil Cameron, Area GM, Johnson Controls, Building Efficiency Africa.
There are a vast number of considerations to take into account with the manufacturing, storage and distribution of pharmaceutical drugs. Sterile environments, specific humidity and dust particle levels are some of these imperative factors that need to be taken into account.
This is why validation of, among others, the processes employed to manufacture these products, the environment in which they are stored and the conditions under which they are handled and transported, has become so very important. Building management systems (BMS) and access control solutions are playing an increasingly important role in that validation process.
Consider, for example, how important it is to control the conditions under which drugs are produced, stored and transported. Active ingredients within vaccines and other medicines are sensitive to heat and light, and if they are not carefully handled within specified parameters, their efficacy can be impacted.
Similarly, when it comes to management of dangerous pathogens, it’s important to control, and be able to validate the laboratory conditions in which they are kept and handled, from origination to disposal.
Intelligent building management systems, with their capability to measure, monitor and control environments based on preconfigured requirements, are the ideal tools to help meet and enforce validation requirements.
To achieve certification, however, these systems need to comply with US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) validation requirements.
Validation is defined by the FDA Guidelines on General Principles of Process Validation as “establishing documented evidence that provides a high degree of assurance that a specific process will consistently produce
a product meeting its pre-determined specifications and quality attributes”.
The FDA first introduced validation four decades ago and today pharmaceutical companies cannot export goods to the USA that do not comply with FDA validation requirements. The way to achieve this validation is to make use of processes and systems that measure, capture and manage critical information related to the lifecycle of the product (manufacture, distribution and so on) in a secure way.
In particular FDA’s Electronic Records and Signature requirements (Title 21 CFR Part 11) need to be met.
To comply, the computer systems used to collect and analyse data must be validated to meet the FDA requirements for electronic records and signatures – that is, these electronic signatures (authorisation) must be legally binding and the electronic records must be protected from point of creation to receipt, meaning any tampering with information must be detectable.
Using an FDA Certified building management system for validated environments, the validation process can be integrated or configured within the organisation’s building automation system. Validation can be further implemented within access control systems, an important consideration in the control of disease and handling of dangerous pathogens.
So how do these FDA-certified BMS’ for validated environments differ from standard building management systems? In effect, where a standard BMS will measure the temperature in an environment, a BMS for validated environments will measure and guarantee that temperature.
It certifies that the temperature sensor is providing a true value, that the controller to which the sensor information is sent is responding as it should, that the information subsequently stored in the database is secure and cannot be tampered with, and that the output report containing the FDA-required information is protected.
Partnering with clients to validate the environment and install the solution is essential. It can be a cumbersome task and it requires some effort, but once it’s in place, it provides assurance that required validation processes are followed and the products the organisation is taking into the market are safe and effective, and conform to quality promises.
A BMS for validated environments should provide scalable configurations, system security, secure data management and reporting, electronic records and signatures, pre-selected and free-form annotations, time-stamped audit trails, extensive integration capabilities at all system levels, Web-based reporting (mean kinetic temperature, trend analysis and alarm analysis), and remote alarming (e-mail, text messaging and so on).
For two pharmaceutical companies in South Africa — one a leading manufacturer and exporter of drugs in Africa, and the other involved in global distribution of pharmaceutical products — ensuring that the storage and transportation of their pharmaceuticals meet the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Title 21 validation requirements is business critical.
To achieve this, they implemented a FDA-certified building management system (BMS) from Johnson Controls.
Implementation of the solution for the pharmaceutical manufacturing concern, which has 17 manufacturing facilities at 12 sites on six continents, took place at an existing warehouse facility in South Africa over a two-month period.
The organisation had, at the time, already ensured its processes complied with FDA requirements so it was simply a matter of installing the BMS, ensuring all relevant systems were integrated to it, and configuring it to the necessary standards.
For the pharmaceutical distribution company, the BMS was implemented as part of a newly constructed facility which took approximately 18 months to complete. For both organisations, having validated systems is crucial to being able to do business at a global level, and to ensuring the trust and loyalty of their clients.
In South Africa, the pharmaceuticals sector is very internally focused and compliance to global standards is not compulsory. What that means is that if a batch of sensitive medication is left for four hours in the back of a truck in 45-degree heat, there’s no legislation to prevent that medication from entering the market.
Validation is a very good system to implement for local consumption. For now, it’s the companies that compete at a global scale that set the bar.