Over the next 25 years, infrastructure investment in South Africa is forecast to be led by transport, resources, and power which together account for 63% of total infrastructure spend through to 2050, according to PwC’s Global Infrastructure Outlook 2025 to 2050.
The analysis is the first of its kind to offer long-term infrastructure spending forecasts to 2050 across nine sectors, 20 subsectors, and 45 countries and territories, representing 88% of global economic output. It draws on the past 20 years of spending data and models future investment based on economic and policy factors. The outlook highlights that investment in power, transport and digital infrastructure will increasingly converge to create more intelligent networks – with traditional assets operating as part of connected, digitally-enabled and electrified systems.
Globally, infrastructure is entering an unprecedented investment cycle, with annual spending forecast to rise from $4,4-trillion in 2024 to $6,9-trillion in 2050. As countries modernise transport, power and industrial systems to meet the demands of artificial intelligence, electrification and urbanisation, cumulative global investment is projected to reach $151,1-trillion over the period. The outlook suggests that global infrastructure spending over the next 25 years will be double that of the previous 20 years, before which comparable data is unavailable.
“The scale of infrastructure investment needed over the next 25 years has the potential to take infrastructure beyond just an assemblage of roads, railway lines, pipes, power lines, and concrete structures to a fundamentally transformed ecosystem: smarter, more resilient, and interconnected across physical, digital, environmental, and social systems,” says Jarendra Reddy, infrastructure leader at PwC South Africa. “This won’t be automatic. It will take ingenuity, smart prioritisation of resources, exceptional public and private sector collaboration and acceleration of the institutional reforms in progress.”
SA’s annual infrastructure spending is forecast to grow by 39% from 2024 levels to $26bn by 2050
Infrastructure spend reached $19-billion in 2024. Annual infrastructure spending is forecast to grow 39% from current levels to $26-billion by 2050. Under the baseline outlook, cumulative investment totals $582-billion between 2025 and 2050.
Renewed government policy support for infrastructure and institutional reform provide upside to the outlook. The National Infrastructure Plan 2050 outlines a phased approach to developing core network infrastructure followed by social infrastructure.
Transport infrastructure is the largest sector in terms of total spend, equal to $155-billion between 2025 to 2050 (27% of total spend). This is followed by resources infrastructure, with total spend of $128-billion over the same period. Power infrastructure spend totals $83-billion over 2025 to 2050. Together, these three sectors account for 63% of South Africa’s infrastructure spend through to 2050.
Digital infrastructure is the next largest, with total spend of $71-billion, then social ($57-billion), water ($30-billion), agriculture ($28-billion), industrial ($26-billion) and defence ($4,3-billion) over 2025 to 2050.
Global boom in data centre buildings currently leads sub-sector growth
As the world races to unlock the full potential of AI, a surge in spending on data centre buildings is rapidly unfolding and comes in addition to investment in ICT equipment such as chips and servers.
Between 2024 and 2027, annual investment in data centre buildings will rise 2.2 times, from $113,8-billion to $251,8-billion. Total investment from 2024 to 2032 will top $1,5-trillion in a remarkable short-term escalation, which will be followed by a period focused on improving the utilisation, efficiency, and adaptability of existing built stock.
Over the full period, other key subsectors will see significant growth.
For example, aging populations are expected to drive annual spending on health and aged care facilities 1.7 times higher by 2050 ($441-billion) – for the first time coming close to parity with spending on educational facilities (forecast to be $471-billion by 2050).
While the resources sector shows mainly targeted growth in mining for metals and minerals that are critical for the energy transition such as copper, lithium and rare earths annual spending will rise 1.4 times to $128-billion in 2050.
A world of divergence: Growth markets build, mature markets rebuild
Asia‑Pacific will remain the engine of global infrastructure activity, accounting for more than half of total investment through to 2050 – propelled by urbanisation, industrial expansion, and rapid build out of power and digital networks. Africa will see the world’s fastest-growing infrastructure investment rate, with annual spending to increase nearly 1.8 times by 2050, reflecting demographic change and significant infrastructure gaps.
Elsewhere, Europe and North America are entering a period of renewal as ageing transport, energy and water systems require large-scale modernisation to remain resilient and competitive. Annual infrastructure spending is forecast to rise 1.6 times by 2050 across the Americas and 1.4 times in Europe. The regional contrasts will shape where capital flows and delivery capability becomes most critical.
Mobilising capital alone will not guarantee success
Execution risk, fragmented planning, inconsistent community engagement, supply-chain vulnerability, and outdated delivery models could dilute the economic impact of the unprecedented investment volumes. The outlook highlights key priorities, including:
- System-level planning, coordinating investment across power, digital, transport, water, and industrial systems to avoid bottlenecks, reduce red tape and unlock productivity gains.
- New financing and partnership models, including capital recycling and standardised blended-finance platforms to mobilise long-term private capital and de-risk new technologies so more projects become bankable – especially in emerging markets.
- Modern delivery and commercial models, with outcome-based contracting, digital twins, modular construction and AI-enabled project controls improving speed, certainty, and performance.
“Africa stands at the threshold of a transformative era in infrastructure investment, potentially leading the world in growth over the next quarter-century,” says Reddy. “Driven by demographic change and rapid urbanisation, this is more than just mobilising capital: it is a generational opportunity to embed long-term strategies; forge future-ready, locally relevant infrastructure solutions; and revolutionise project delivery with digital and AI-driven solutions.
“By embracing forward-thinking commercial approaches and smart financing partnerships, Africa can secure a resilient and prosperous future.”, adds Reddy