Africa’s “easy decade” of accelerated economic growth is coming to an end, and only accelerated job creation and integration will ensure sustainable growth and development across the continent.
This is the word from Professor Paul Collier, professor of economics and public policy in the Blavatnik School of Government at the University of Oxford, who delivered a keynote address at the African Economic Conference 2018, hosted by the African Development Bank in Kigali, Rwanda.
“Africa’s easy decade is over; but the last decade of African growth was not sustainable. Now Africa must focus on its big resource – its young people. No other continent has anything like such a huge influx of young labour. Productive jobs are the priority,” Collier says.
“Young people can’t create priority jobs by themselves. Those jobs have to be created, so the prime task of policymakers in Africa over the next decade is to create productive jobs for young people at a rate that has never happened before.”
Collier adds that connectivity between African countries will unlock the potential of many countries, and this connectivity has to be in terms of both physical transport and political ideology.
“Small countries are doomed to poverty unless they have open markets and free societies. And yet, the typical African country is small, with closed markets. That is a disastrous combination. So the African Continental Free Trade Area is a very important step forward,” he says.
The African Development Bank has pledged support to the Continental Free Trade Area as part of its High 5 strategy to Integrate Africa and has invested more than $20-million over the past five years to support the institutional and human capacities of the Continental Free Trade Area Secretariat.
Another high-level panelist, Professor Ademola Oyejide, the emeritus professor of economics, University of Ibadan and chairman of the Centre for Trade and Development Initiatives, notes that regional integration must drive overall continental integration.
“We should not destroy regional economic communities by protectionism and unnecessary barriers to trade. We as African leaders are not in the business of designing theoretical regional programmes: we expect real progress from the regional blocs,” he says.
Professor Klaus Zimmermann, president of the Global Labor Organisation, adds: “Africa is now on the right path and has to move in the direction of the AfCFTA. One of the most important playing cards in this game is the people of Africa.”
A common message from other high-level panelists, such as Prof. Emmanuel Nnadozie, the executive secretary of the African Capacity Building Foundation, was that governments must adopt policies to enable their countries to achieve economic diversification and reduce their dependence on primary commodities.
The Continental Free Trade Area is expected to boost intra-African trade by up to $35-billion per year, creating a 52% increase in trade by 2022; and a vital $10-billion decrease in imports to Africa.